Introduction

Where threats are multiplying and skyrocketing at a break-neck pace, the security of a digital world is the bottom line for the protection of all our online systems. There are two foundational concepts: authentication and authorization. Here we discuss them, explaining the importance placed on these security pillars over protecting our digital assets.

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Authentication: Who are you?

Authentication is the process of authenticating the identity of a user or a system. It simply ensures that only authorized people can have access to information and other resources. Basic Authentication Password-based authentication methods require users to create strong, unique passwords to gain access.

Biometric authentication:

It uses unique biological characteristics for identification purposes such as fingerprint, facial recognition, and voice recognition.

Token-based authentication: This involves the use of tokens. Tokens are small, secure devices that generate one-time passwords.

Authorization: What Are You Allowed to Do?

Once the system authenticates a user’s identity, it determines what the user is allowed to do with specific resources and actions through authorization. Typically, roles and permissions assigned to users define their capabilities within the system.

The Needs of Authentication and Authorization

Authentication and authorization are necessary for several reasons:

Confidentiality: Authentication is necessary to ensure that only authorized people can access sensitive information so that it cannot leak out. Authorisation imposes further restrictions on accessing a particular resource or performing particular actions based on the role or permissions of the user.

Integrity: Authorization can prevent unauthorized users from deleting or modifying data. Authorization ensures that only authorized users have the right permission to perform specific actions on data.

Availability: By blocking unauthorized access, authentication and authorization enhance system availability and reliability. This way, the system is available to the right people as intended.

Besides these general needs, the context and the sensitivity of information or resources being protected determine the authentication and authorization needs. For example, a healthcare system would require more stringent authentication and authorization requirements to access patient records than a retail website would.

Conclusion

Authentications and authorizations are the fundamental security, integrity, and availability of web-based systems. The understanding of a need for authentications/authorizations would protect the organization’s assets against many cyberattack risks.

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